Issue link: https://www.ascpskindeepdigital.com/i/1544125
32 ASCP Skin Deep Spring 2026 • Peptides are protein building blocks that signal molecules to regulate processes like collagen production, elastin production, and wound healing. These are small, making penetration through the layers of the epidermis easy. They also provide a great ability for the skin to function properly. • Retinoic acid is known to speed up cellular turnover within the skin to reduce signs of aging, such as wrinkles and fine lines, and other skin concerns such as acne. Retinol is a common form of vitamin A that involves molecular conversions to retinoic acid. This conversion process into retinoic acid allows different skin types to use more tolerable options. For example, retinal palmitate is a large vitamin A molecule that goes through three conversions before reaching retinoic acid. • Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that not only brightens dull and aging skin but also effectively stimulates collagen production. The antioxidant aids in neutralizing free radical activity from damaging ultraviolet (UV) rays and environmental Traditional serums often rely on larger molecules, typically greater than 500 Da, where the result is targeted more toward hydration, moisturization, and barrier support. With technological advances, nanotechnology serums have enhanced delivery systems that use stable ingredients with molecular sizes under 100 nanometers, allowing for deeper penetration through the stratum corneum. SERUMS WITH NANO-DELIVERY SYSTEMS Common serum delivery methods use encapsulations with liposomes and nano carriers. These are typically lighter on the skin. Following are some common examples: • Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan naturally made by the body as a lubricant and hydrating agent. Through aging and environmental impacts, natural hyaluronic acid production slows over time. Topical application, hydration, and proper cell adhesion can produce the same hydrating effect. Hyaluronic acid can differ based on a high or low molecular weight. Often high molecular weight versions such as sodium hyaluronate, which is sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, are used in formulations as they show the highest frequency and greatly improve the performance in formulations. Nanotechnology serums have enhanced delivery systems that use stable ingredients with molecular sizes under 100 nanometers, allowing for deeper penetration. SKIN PHYSIOLOGY